16 As reported by Greenwood et al., mHealth apps that incorporate behaviorally designed interventions can improve patient access to diabetes self-management education and ongoing support. 14, 15 A recent meta-analysis by Grohmann-Izay and Forisch found that digital tracking and remote coaching were associated with a notable HbA 1c reduction (−0.38%) in adult populations. Meta-analyses and systematic reviews have shown that mHealth solutions such as diabetes self-management apps improve glycated hemoglobin (HbA 1c), particularly those that provide a feedback loop between patient and health care provider. 13 identified 346 mHealth apps specifically for self-diabetes management that were available from the Apple iTunes and/or Google Play app stores. However, when viewing diabetes mostly as a “data-driven” disease, the psychological burden and its impact on individuals are often overlooked.Īlthough diabetes management software has been available since the early 1980s, the rapid growth in digital communications technologies (e.g., smartphones, tablets) has prompted the development of a plethora of new self-management tools for patients via mobile health (mHealth) apps. Accurate and complete documentation is essential to effective diabetes management. Moreover, patients often do not document their self-management activities, which make it difficult for patients and their health care providers to identify problems and adjust therapy. The ongoing responsibility of administering medication, testing their glucose, and adhering to prescribed lifestyle behaviors can be overwhelming for many patients. 10, 11 Although affordability of medications and health care services and medication side effects remain key obstacles to treatment adherence, other factors such as perceptions of treatment efficacy, poor health literacy, lack of social support, and the daily burden of self-management also impact patients' ability/willingness to follow their treatment regimens. Suboptimal adherence to prescribed diabetes treatment regimens is often cited as the underlying cause a key of poor glycemic control. 1–6 However, despite the continuing introduction of new medications and medical device technologies, a significant percentage of individuals with diabetes are not achieving their treatment goals. Large randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated that achieving target glucose levels early in diabetes leads to better microvascular and macrovascular outcomes.
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